A Theoretical Framework of Knowledge Management Systems on Quality Management Systems

Mohammad Fakhrul Nizam Mohammad - Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Subang, Selangor, Malaysia
Rusli Abdullah - Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Marzanah Ab. Jabar - Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Rozi Nor Haizan Nor - Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Nurhayati Mohd Nur - Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Subang, Selangor, Malaysia


Citation Format:



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.4.3633

Abstract


Developing knowledge management systems (KMS) significantly supports, manages, or enhances the organization's knowledge management (KM) processes and activities. However, studies have shown that very few discussions focus on formulating the theoretical framework to support the development of KMS. Therefore, this paper aims to fill the void and gap in developing a more effective and efficient KMS. This study proposes a theoretical framework for KMS in the context of quality management systems (QMS), formulated based on three domain areas: established theories, knowledge management (KM) framework or model, and past KMS. This research output derived seven components of KMS (strategy, actors, KM process, source of knowledge, information management, continuous improvement, and infrastructure). This study has also contributed to the body of knowledge in KM by enriching the formulation of a theoretical framework for KMS. Although this study is conceptual and has yet to include the framework's validity and reliability testing, it has addressed a gap that can be potentially fulfilled and refined with more intense discussion and empirical studies.

Keywords


Review; formulation; systemic and pragmatic approach; theoretical framework; information systems

Full Text:

PDF

References


J. P. Wilson and L. Campbell, “ISO 9001 : 2015 : the evolution and convergence of quality management and knowledge management for competitive advantage,” Total Qual. Manag., pp. 1–16, 2018, doi:10.1080/14783363.2018.1445965.

J. P. Wilson and L. Campbell, “Developing a knowledge management policy for ISO 9001: 2015,” J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 829–844, 2016, doi: 10.1108/JKM-11-2015-0472.

M. F. Mohammad, R. Abdullah, M. A. Jabar, and R. N. H. Nor, “Establishing Knowledge Management Model of Quality Management Systems for Higher Education Institutions,” in Global Perspectives on Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Higher Education Institutions, 2022, pp. 90–118. doi: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8085-1.ch006.

M. Tutko and P. Woźniak, “Integrated management system at higher education institutions: Case study from Poland,” E-Mentor, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 18–27, 2023, doi: 10.15219/em101.1628.

R. Kasperavičiūtė-Černiauskienė and D. Serafinas, “The adoption of ISO 9001 standard within Higher Education Institutions in Lithuania: Innovation Diffusion Approach,” Total Qual. Manag., 2016, doi:10.1080/14783363.2016.1164012.

D. M. Montoya-Quintero, L. F. Bermudez-Ríos, and J. M. Cogollo-Flórez, “Model for Integrating Knowledge Management System and Quality Management System in Industry 4.0,” Qual. - Access to Success, vol. 23, no. 189, pp. 18–25, 2022, doi:10.47750/QAS/23.189.03.

I. A. Abu-Alsondos, “An empirical study of critical success factors in implementing knowledge management systems (KMS): The moderating role of culture,” Uncertain Supply Chain Manag., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1527–1538, 2023, doi: 10.5267/j.uscm.2023.7.016.

O. R. Mahdi, I. A. Nassar, and M. K. Almsafir, “Knowledge management processes and sustainable competitive advantage: An empirical examination in private universities,” J. Bus. Res., vol. 94, no. May 2017, pp. 320–334, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.013.

W.-T. Wang and Y.-J. Lai, “Examining the adoption of KMS in organizations from an integrated perspective of technology, individual, and organization,” Comput. Human Behav., vol. 38, pp. 55–67, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.013.

B. Kör, M. Mutlutürk, and M. C. J. Caniëls, “Analysing and visualising the trends in knowledge management: Towards a normative knowledge management framework,” Int. J. Knowl. Manag. Stud., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–32, 2022, doi:10.1504/IJKMS.2022.119253.

I. K. B. Purwadi and W. Sardjono, “Developing Strategies to Improve Organizational Readiness for Knowledge Management System Implementation,” J. Syst. Manag. Sci., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 372–384, 2024, doi: 10.33168/JSMS.2024.0223.

R. Faldesiani and S. H. Senen, “Knowledge Management Systems in Higher Education : A Comprehensive Study through Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis ( 2019-2023 ),” Eastasouth Manag. Bus., vol. 02, no. 02, pp. 184–201, 2024, doi:10.58812/esmb.v2i02.

M. Polyakov, I. Khanin, V. Bilozubenko, M. Korneyev, and N. Nebaba, “Information technologies for developing a company’s knowledge management system,” Knowl. Perform. Manag., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 15–25, 2020, doi: 10.21511/kpm.04(1).2020.02.

D. Blackman and M. Kennedy, “Knowledge management and effective university governance,” J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 547–563, Oct. 2009, doi: 10.1108/13673270910997187.

L. Straccia, M. F. Pollo-Cattáneo, M. Giorda, M. G. Bongiorno, and A. Maulini, “Architecture on Knowledge Management Systems: Its Presence in the Academic Literature,” in Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2022, pp. 412–424. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19647-8_9.

M. Brydges and A. M. Batt, “Untangling the web: The need for theory, theoretical frameworks, and conceptual frameworks in paramedic research,” Paramedicine, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 89–93, 2023, doi:10.1177/27536386231177348.

M. A. Hameed, S. Counsell, and S. Swift, “A conceptual model for the process of IT innovation adoption in organizations,” J. Eng. Technol. Manag. - JET-M, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 358–390, 2012, doi:10.1016/j.jengtecman.2012.03.007.

H. Hussin, “A conceptual model of information technology innovation implementation effectiveness in higher education,” 5th Int. Conf. Inf. Commun. Technol. Muslim World, pp. 1–6, 2013, doi:10.1109/ICT4M.2013.6518881.

M. J. Manatos, C. S. Sarrico, and M. J. Rosa, “The integration of quality management in higher education institutions: a systematic literature review,” Total Qual. Manag. Bus. Excell., vol. 3363, no. July, pp. 1–17, 2015, doi: 10.1080/14783363.2015.1050180.

K.-B. Ooi, “TQM and Knowledge Management: Literature review and Proposed framework,” African J. Bus. Manag., vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 633–643, 2009, doi: 10.5897/AJBM09.196.

M. S. Owlia, “A framework for quality dimensions of knowledge management systems,” Total Qual. Manag. Bus. Excell., vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1215–1228, 2010, doi: 10.1080/14783363.2010.529351.

L. Varpio, E. Paradis, S. Uijtdehaage, and M. Young, “The Distinctions Between Theory, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework,” Acad. Med., vol. 95, no. 7, pp. 989–994, 2020, doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003075.

“MS ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems - Requirements (Second revision),” 2015.

A Guide To The Project Management Body of Knowledge - PMBOK Guide, Sixth Edit. Pennsylvania USA: Project Management Institute, 2017.

S. Črv and M. Markič, “Contribution of the QMS principles to company performance,” Int. J. Qual. Res., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 227–242, 2022.

A. Medne, I. Lapina, and A. Zeps, “Sustainability of a university’s quality system : adaptation of the EFQM excellence model,” Int. J. Qual. Serv. Sci., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 29–43, 2020, doi: 10.1108/IJQSS-09-2019-0108.

N. Z. Maharani, S. S. Kurniawan, D. I. Sensuse, I. Eitiveni, D. S. Hidayat, and E. H. Purwaningsih, “Motivations and Potential Solutions in Developing a Knowledge Management System for Organization at Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review,” J. Inf. Syst. Eng. Bus. Intell., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 270–289, 2024, doi:10.20473/jisebi.10.2.270-289.

A. Demir, T. Budur, H. M. Omer, and A. Heshmati, “Links between knowledge management and organisational sustainability: does the ISO 9001 certification have an effect?,” Knowl. Manag. Res. Pract., vol. 00, no. 00, pp. 1–14, 2021, doi: 10.1080/14778238.2020.1860663.

M. Loon, “Knowledge management practice system: Theorising from an international meta-standard,” J. Bus. Res., vol. 94, pp. 432–441, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.11.022.

B. B. Nielsen and S. Michailova, “Knowledge Management Systems in Multinational Corporations: Typology and Transitional Dynamics,” Long Range Plann., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 314–340, 2007, doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2007.04.005.

K. Iskandar, M. I. Jambak, R. Kosala, and H. Prabowo, “Current Issue on Knowledge Management System for future research: a Systematic Literature Review,” in Procedia Computer Science, 2017, vol. 116, no. Iccsci, pp. 68–80. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2017.10.011.

S. Reeves, E. Suter, J. Goldman, T. Martimianakis, C. Chatalalsingh, and D. Dematteo, “A scoping review to identify organizational and education theories relevant for interprofessional practice and education,” Queen’s Univ. Inter-Professional Patient-Ventred Educ., p. 60, 2007, doi: 10.1080/00987913.2015.1099399.

A. M. Bowey, “Approaches to organization theory,” in Organizations as a systems, 1st ed., M. Lockett and R. Spear, Eds. The Open University Press Milton Keynes, 1980.

R. W. Cuthbertson and P. I. Furseth, “Digital services and competitive advantage: Strengthening the links between RBV, KBV, and innovation,” J. Bus. Res., vol. 152, no. July, pp. 168–176, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.07.030.

S. Elia, M. Giuffrida, M. M. Mariani, and S. Bresciani, “Resources and digital export: An RBV perspective on the role of digital technologies and capabilities in cross-border e-commerce,” J. Bus. Res., vol. 132, no. April, pp. 158–169, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.010.

P. Pawlowsky, N. S. Pflugfelder, and M. H. Wagner, “The ISO 30401 knowledge management systems standard – a new framework for value creation and research?,” J. Intellect. Cap., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 506–527, 2021, doi: 10.1108/JIC-07-2020-0256.

P. Kraus et al., “The ambidextrous interaction of RBV-KBV and regional social capital and their impact on SME management,” J. Bus. Res., vol. 142, no. December 2020, pp. 762–774, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.047.

C. Mele, J. Pels, and F. Polese, “A Brief Review of Systems Theories and Their Managerial Applications,” Serv. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1–2, pp. 126–135, 2010, doi: 10.1287/serv.2.1_2.126.

C. Forliano, P. De Bernardi, A. Bertello, and V. Temperini, “Innovating business processes in public administrations: towards a systemic approach,” Bus. Process Manag. J., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1203–1224, 2020, doi: 10.1108/BPMJ-12-2019-0498.

F. E. Kast and J. E. Rosenzweig, “General Systems Theory: Applications for Organization and Management,” Acad. Manag. J., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 447–465, 1972, doi: 10.5465/255141.

C. Chikere and J. Nwoka, “The Systems Theory of Management in Modern Day Organizations - A Study of Aldgate Congress Resort Limited Port Harcout,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1–7, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2006.10.004.

J. Henry L. Tosi and J. John W.Slocum, “Contingency Theory: Some Suggested Directions,” J. Manage., vol. 10, no. 1, 1984, doi:10.1177/014920638401000103.

A. Safari and A. S. Saleh, “Key determinants of SMEs’ export performance: a resource-based view and contingency theory approach using potential mediators,” J. Bus. Ind. Mark., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 635–654, 2020, doi: 10.1108/JBIM-11-2018-0324.

M. Zack, J. McKeen, and S. Singh, “Knowledge management and organizational performance: an exploratory analysis,” J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 392–409, 2009, doi:10.1108/13673270910997088.

I. Martinez-Conesa, P. Soto-Acosta, and E. G. Carayannis, “On the path towards open innovation: assessing the role of knowledge management capability and environmental dynamism in SMEs,” J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 553–570, 2017, doi: 10.1108/JKM-09-2016-0403.

S. Chatterjee, P. Mikalef, S. Khorana, and H. Kizgin, “Assessing the Implementation of AI Integrated CRM System for B2C Relationship Management: Integrating Contingency Theory and Dynamic Capability View Theory,” Inf. Syst. Front., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 967–985, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s10796-022-10261-w.

J. F. Cohen and K. Olsen, “Knowledge management capabilities and firm performance: A test of universalistic, contingency and complementarity perspectives,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 1178–1188, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2014.09.002.

S. Gao, W. Yeoh, S. F. Wong, and R. Scheepers, “A literature analysis of the use of Absorptive Capacity construct in IS research,” Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 36–42, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.11.001.

P. Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, “Constituents and outcomes of absorptive capacity - appropriability regime changing the game,” Manag. Decis., vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 1178–1199, 2012, doi:10.1108/00251741211246950.

W. Patterson and V. Ambrosini, “Configuring absorptive capacity as a key process for research intensive firms,” Technovation, vol. 36, pp. 77–89, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2014.10.003.

P. Hurmelinna-Laukkanen and J. Yang, “Distinguishing between appropriability and appropriation: A systematic review and a renewed conceptual framing,” Res. Policy, vol. 51, no. 1, p. 104417, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.respol.2021.104417.

G. L. Adams and B. T. Lamont, “Knowledge management systems and developing sustainable competitive advantage,” J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 142–154, 2003, doi: 10.1108/13673270310477342.

V. Cooper and A. Molla, “Information systems absorptive capacity for environmentally driven IS-enabled transformation,” Inf. Syst. J., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 379–425, 2016, doi: 10.1111/isj.12109.

R. de C. Arantes, M. M. O. Pereira, C. C. de Castro, A. A. da C. Mineiro, and J. A. Oliveira, “Digital transformation and organizational knowledge: A systematic literature review,” Context. – Contemp. J. Econ. Manag., vol. 19, pp. 316–329, 2021, doi:10.19094/contextus.2021.71301.

J. S. Edwards, “Processes : Still the poor relation in the knowledge management family,” in Success and Failures of Knowledge Management, Elsevier, 2016, pp. 59–69.

I. Nonaka, “A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation,” Organ. Sci., vol. 5, no. 1, p. 25, 1994.

I. Nonaka and H. Takeuchi, The Knowledge-Creating Company. Oxford University Press, 1995.

U. Schmitt, “Scalability of generative knowledge management systems: designing for individuals’ and institutions’ mutual benefit,” Kybernetes, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 2701–2725, 2021, doi: 10.1108/K-05-2020-0324.

U. Schmitt, “Validating and documenting a new knowledge management system philosophy: a case based on the ISO 30401:2018-KMS standard,” Knowl. Manag. Res. Pract., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 960–974, 2022, doi: 10.1080/14778238.2022.2064349.

A. Ahmed and M. Elhag, “SMART KM model The integrated knowledge management framework for organisational excellence,” World J. Sci. Technol. Sustain. Dev., vol. 14, no. 2/3, pp. 172–193, 2017, doi: 10.1108/WJSTSD-01-2017-0001.

P. Meso and R. Smith, “A Resources-based View of Organizational Knowledge Management Systems,” J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 224–234, 2000.

A. Tiwana, The Knowledge Management Toolkit. Prentice Hall PTR, 1999.

D. Williams, “Nuts and Bolts of a Knowledge Management System,” J. Inf. Knowl. Manag., vol. 14, no. 04, p. 1550035, 2015, doi:10.1142/S0219649215500355.

A. Ali, R. N. H. Nor, R. Abdullah, and M. A. A. Murad, “Developing Conceptual Governance Model for Collaborative Knowledge Management Systema in Public Sector Organisations,” J. ICT, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 171–191, 2016, [Online]. Available: http://jict.uum.edu.my

M. F. N. Mohammad, R. Abdullah, M. Ab Jabar, and R. Nor Haizan Nor, “Contextualizing the Framework for Knowledge Management System at the Organizational Level,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 769, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/769/1/012048.

S. T. Yigzaw, I. Jormanainen, and M. Tukiainen, “A Model for Knowledge Management Systems in the UbuntuNet Alliance Member Institutions,” Systems, vol. 10, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.3390/systems10030079.

S. Sajeva, “The analysis of key elements of socio-technical knowledge management system,” Econ. Manag., 2010.

K. D. Barber, J. E. Munive-Hernandez, and J. P. Keane, “Process-based knowledge management system for continuous improvement,” Int. J. Qual. Reliab. Manag., vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1002–1018, 2006, doi:10.1108/02656710610688185.

H. Hung, “An ISO 9000-based knowledge management system for small and medium-sized enterprises,” National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, 2004.

K. L. T. Choy, T. S. G. Ho, H. Y. Lam, V. Tang, Y. P. Tsang, and K. Y. P. Siu, “An intelligent case-based knowledge management system for quality improvement in nursing homes,” VINE J. Inf. Knowl. Manag. Syst., vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 103–121, 2018, doi:10.1108/VJIKMS-01-2017-0001.

J. Tang and J. Y. Tong, “A Two-phase Knowledge Management System for the Quality Standard ISO 9001,” Int. J. Manag., vol. 24, no. 1, 2007.

B. Tan and H. Hung, “A knowledge management system introduction model for small- and medium-sized enterprises,” Int. J. Manag. Enterp. Dev., vol. 3, no. 1, 2006.

B. Tan, C. Lin, and H. C. Hung, “An ISO 9001:2000 quality information system in e-commerce environment,” Ind. Manag. Data Syst., vol. 103, no. 8–9, pp. 666–676, 2003, doi:10.1108/02635570310506089.

R. B. Johnson and A. J. Onwuegbuzie, “Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come,” Educ. Res., vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 14–26, 2004, doi: 10.3102/0013189X033007014.

L. M. Kelly and M. Cordeiro, “Three principles of pragmatism for research on organizational processes,” Methodol. Innov., vol. 13, no. 2, 2020, doi: 10.1177/2059799120937242.

L. Ngowi and N. H. Mvungi, “Socio-Technical Systems: Transforming Theory into Practice,” Int. J. Ind. Syst. Eng., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 285–291, 2018.

M. T. Dishaw and D. M. Strong, “Extending the technology acceptance model with task-technology fit constructs,” Inf. Manag., vol. 36, pp. 9–21, 1999.

T. Oliveira and M. F. Martins, “Literature Review of Information Technology Adoption Models at Firm Level,” Electron. J. Inf. Syst. Eval., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 110–121, 2011.

S. Ramanadhan, A. C. Revette, R. M. Lee, and E. L. Aveling, “Pragmatic approaches to analyzing qualitative data for implementation science: an introduction,” Implement. Sci. Commun., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2021, doi: 10.1186/s43058-021-00174-1.

E. Garbolino, J.-P. Chéry, and F. Guarnieri, “The systemic approach: Concepts, method and tools,” in Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications, 2019, pp. 1–30. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-96259-7_1.

R. V. . b Pascu, “Particularities of implementing a sustainable management system in universities,” Acad. J. Manuf. Eng., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 104–111, 2015.

A. Abdelhak, T. Mohammed, R. Mohammed, S. Khalid, and T. Abderrahim, “Quality Management in Vocational Training: Evaluation of A Specialized Institution in Ict,” Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 191, no. July, pp. 1928–1933, 2015, doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.261.

S. Benyettou and M. Abdellatif, “Empirical study on the integrated management system in Algerian companies,” J. Ind. Eng. Manag., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 135–160, 2018, doi: 10.3926/jiem.2445.

L. V. Kashirskaya, A. A. Sitnov, D. А. Davlatzoda, and T. M. Vorozheykina, “Knowledge audit as a key tool for business research in the information society,” Entrep. Sustain. Issues, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 2299–2319, 2020, doi: 10.9770/jesi.2020.7.3(56).

P. N. Duong, D. T. Kien, and B. T. Khoa, “Do knowledge management systems motivate and satisfy the academic staff in higher education Institutions?,” J. Appl. Learn. Teach., vol. 5, no. 2, 2022.

R. Chaudhuri, G. Chavan, S. Vadalkar, D. Vrontis, and V. Pereira, “Two-decade bibliometric overview of publications in the Journal of Knowledge Management,” J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1550–1574, 2020, doi: 10.1108/JKM-07-2020-0571.

T. Ozsen, B. Uslu, and A. Aypay, “Strategy adaptation for sustainable quality management in universities: a systematic literature review,” Tert. Educ. Manag., no. 0123456789, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11233-022-09098-4.

R. K. Bali, N. Wickramasinghe, and B. Lehaney, Knowledge Management Primer, First. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

P. J. Gomes, G. M. Silva, and J. Sarkis, “Exploring the relationship between quality ambidexterity and sustainable production,” Int. J. Prod. Econ., vol. 224, no. August 2019, p. 107560, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107560.

S. Assegaff and A. R. C. Hussin, “Review of Knowledge Management Systems As Socio-Technical System,” Int. J. Comput. Sci. Issues, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 129–135, 2012.

C. Bals, S. Smolnik, and G. Riempp, “Assessing User Acceptance of A Knowledge Management System in a Global Bank: Process Analysis and Concept Development,” in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2007. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2007.90.

S. Sarnikar and A. V Deokar, “A design approach for process-based knowledge management systems,” J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 21, no. 4, 2017, doi: 10.1108/13673270810875822.

I. Savvas and N. Bassiliades, “A process-oriented ontology-based knowledge management system for facilitating operational procedures in public administration,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 36, pp. 4467–2278, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2008.05.022.

C.-L. Lee, H.-P. Lu, C. Yang, and H.-T. Hou, “A process-based knowledge management system for schools : a case study in Taiwan,” Turkish Online J. Educ. Technol., vol. 9, no. 4, 2010.

M. F. Noordin, R. Othman, and N. A. Zakaria, “Investigating Key Success Factors in Adopting Knowledge Management System,” World Appl. Sci. J., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 221–229, 2013, doi:10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.21.2.2500.