Predicting Different Classes of Alzheimer's Disease using Transfer Learning and Ensemble Classifier

Mubasshar-Ul-Ishraq Tamim - American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), 408/1, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
Sumaiya Malik - American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), 408/1, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
Soily Ghosh Sneha - American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), 408/1, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
S M Hasan Mahmud - American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), 408/1, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
Kah Ong Michael Goh - Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, 75450, Melaka, Malaysia
Dip Nandi - American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), 408/1, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh


Citation Format:



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.4.3038

Abstract


Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia, affects over 55 million individuals globally. With aging populations, AD cases are expected to increase substantially, presenting a pressing public health challenge. Early diagnosis is crucial but remains challenging, particularly in the mild cognitive impairment stage before extensive neurodegeneration. Existing diagnostic methods often fall short due to the subtle nature of early AD symptoms, highlighting the need for more accurate and efficient approaches. In response to this challenge, we introduce a hybrid framework to enhance the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) across four classes by integrating various deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) techniques on an MRI image dataset. We applied multiple preprocessing techniques to the MRI images. Then, the methodology employs three pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs): VGG-16, VGG-19, and MobileNet - each undergoing training under diverse parameter settings through transfer learning to facilitate the extraction of meaningful features from images, utilizing convolution and pooling layers. Subsequently, for feature selection, a decision tree-based RFE method was employed to iteratively select the most significant features and enable more accurate AD classification. Finally, an XGBoost classifier was used to classify the multiclass types of AD under 5-fold cross-validation to assess the performance of our proposed model. The proposed model achieved the highest accuracy of 93% for multiclass classification, indicating that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. This model could apply to clinical applications, marking a significant advancement in AD diagnostics.

Keywords


Alzheimer's disease, Ensemble Technique, Feature Selection, High Dimensionality and Base Classifiers

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References


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