Design of Automatic Irrigation System For Post-Mining Land Reclamation

Ruspita Sihombing - Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, 75131, Indonesia
Amiril Azizah - Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, 75131, Indonesia
Zainal Arifin - Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, 75131, Indonesia
Wahyuni Sari - Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, 75131, Indonesia
Agus Oscar - PT. Insani Bara Perkasa, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Pandhu Putra - Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, 75131, Indonesia


Citation Format:



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62527/joiv.9.1.2950

Abstract


post-mining land reclamation poses a challenge in restoring degraded land's ecological function and productivity, requiring optimal rehabilitation to make it productive and environmentally friendly. A key challenge in reclamation is the availability of efficient water sources to support the revegetation process. Conventional irrigation systems are inefficient and require intensive monitoring. Therefore, an innovative solution in the form of an automatic irrigation system is needed to optimize water use and support sustainable plant growth. This study aims to design and develop a technology-based automatic irrigation system that combines soil moisture sensors, water pumps, sprinklers, solar panels, solenoid valves, and microcontrollers to regulate irrigation efficiently and on time. The methodology includes hardware and software design, integration of soil moisture sensors, a microcontroller as the control unit, and system field testing. The system is designed to activate irrigation based on real-time soil moisture levels automatically, ensuring water is only applied when needed. The system is expected to reduce excess water use and improve irrigation effectiveness across large and diverse areas. Results show that this automatic irrigation system can reduce water consumption by 34.2% compared to conventional methods. In addition, farmers can remotely manage irrigation via the Internet or mobile apps, reducing irrigation time by 75 minutes. This system holds the potential to be an innovative and sustainable solution for post-mining land reclamation, ushering in a new era of efficient and sustainable agriculture.

Keywords


Design Automatic, Irrigation System, Land Reclamation, Post-mining.

Full Text:

PDF

References


J. Wanyama et al., “A systematic review of fourth industrial revolution technologies in smart irrigation: Constraints, opportunities, and future prospects for sub-Saharan Africa,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 7, no. October 2023, p. 100412, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2024.100412.

R. Hidayat, H. Amnur, A. Alanda, Yuhefizar, and D. Satria, “Capacity Building for Farming System Digitalization Using Farming Management System,” Int. J. Adv. Sci. Comput. Eng., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 323–327, 2023, doi: 10.62527/ijasce.5.3.186.

A. H. Abdelfattah, R. F. Sabirov, B. L. Ivanov, M. A. Lushnov, and R. A. Sabirov, “Calibration of soil humidity sensors of automatic irrigation controller,” BIO Web Conf., vol. 17, p. 00249, 2020, doi: 10.1051/bioconf/20201700249.

Y. P. Adhi, I. G. S. Dewi, and B. E. Turisno, “Ecological Impacts and Socio-Legal Infrastructure as an Approach to Environmental Management in Ex-Mining Land Reclamation,” Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Plan., vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 2279–2285, 2022, doi: 10.18280/ijsdp.170729.

C. A. Bolu, J. Azeta, F. Alele, E. O. Daranijo, P. Onyeubani, and A. A. Abioye, “Solar Powered Microcontroller-based Automated Irrigation System with Moisture Sensors,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1378, no. 3, 2019, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/032003.

F. P. Carvalho, “Mining industry and sustainable development: Time for change,” Food Energy Secur., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 61–77, 2017, doi: 10.1002/fes3.109.

M. Champness, L. Vial, C. Ballester, and J. Hornbuckle, “Evaluating the Performance and Opportunity Cost of a Smart-Sensed Automated Irrigation System for Water-Saving Rice Cultivation in Temperate Australia,” Agric., vol. 13, no. 4, 2023, doi: 10.3390/agriculture13040903.

Y. Feng, J. Wang, Z. Bai, and L. Reading, “Effects of surface coal mining and land reclamation on soil properties: A review,” Earth-Science Rev., vol. 191, no. February, pp. 12–25, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.02.015.

M. Gastauer et al., “Mine land rehabilitation: Modern ecological approaches for more sustainable mining,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 172, pp. 1409–1422, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.223.

A. M. Grigg, H. Lambers, and E. J. Veneklaas, “Changes in water relations for Acacia ancistrocarpa on natural and mine-rehabilitation sites in response to an experimental wetting pulse in the Great Sandy Desert,” Plant Soil, vol. 326, no. 1, pp. 75–96, 2010, doi: 10.1007/s11104-009-9957-5.

A. Kodir, D. M. Hartono, H. Haeruman, and I. Mansur, “Integrated post mining landscape for sustainable land use: A case study in South Sumatera, Indonesia,” Sustain. Environ. Res., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 203–213, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.serj.2017.03.003.

R. Koech and P. Langat, “Improving irrigation water use efficiency: A review of advances, challenges and opportunities in the Australian context,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 10, no. 12, 2018, doi: 10.3390/w10121771.

A. Hassan, W. M. Shah, N. Harum, N. Bahaman, and F. Mansourkiaie, “Using an Open Source Microcontroller,” vol. 3, no. 1, 2019.

R. Kurniawan, A. M. W. Saputra, A. W. Wijayanto, and W. Caesarendra, “Eco-environment vulnerability assessment using remote sensing approach in East Kalimantan, Indonesia,” Remote Sens. Appl. Soc. Environ., vol. 27, no. September 2021, p. 100791, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100791.

F. Gao, J. Zhou, H. Jiang, W. Yang, and G. Wang, “Assessing the true value of ecological restoration in mining areas : An input-output approach based on ecosystem service valuation,” no. August, 2024.

C. Mestanza-Ramón et al., “Gold Mining in the Amazon Region of Ecuador: History and a Review of Its Socio-Environmental Impacts,” Land, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1–22, 2022, doi: 10.3390/land11020221.

K. Obaideen et al., “An overview of smart irrigation systems using IoT,” Energy Nexus, vol. 7, no. January, p. 100124, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100124.

M. Pramanik et al., “Automation of soil moisture sensor-based basin irrigation system,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 2, no. August 2021, p. 100032, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2021.100032.

Pratiwi et al., “Managing and reforesting degraded post-mining landscape in Indonesia: A review,” Land, vol. 10, no. 6, 2021, doi: 10.3390/land10060658.

V. Saiz-Rubio and F. Rovira-Más, “From smart farming towards agriculture 5.0: A review on crop data management,” Agronomy, vol. 10, no. 2, 2020, doi: 10.3390/agronomy10020207.

I. E. Setiawan, Z. Zhang, G. Corder, and K. Matsubae, “Evaluation of environmental and economic benefits of land reclamation in the indonesian coal mining industry,” Resources, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1–16, 2021, doi: 10.3390/resources10060060.

I. Srilikhitha, M. M. Saikumar, N. Rajan, M. L. Neha, and M. Ganesan, “Automatic irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and temperature sensor with microcontroller AT89S52,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Signal Process. Commun. ICSPC 2017, vol. 2018-Janua, no. July, pp. 186–190, 2017, doi: 10.1109/CSPC.2017.8305835.

Y. Sun, J. Zuo, M. Karakus, and J. Wen, “A Novel Method for Predicting Movement and Damage of Overburden Caused by Shallow Coal Mining,” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1545–1563, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00603-019-01988-1.

M. Tayebi-Khorami, M. Edraki, G. Corder, and A. Golev, “Re-thinking mining waste through an integrative,” Minerals, vol. 9(5), no. 2019, p. 286, 2019.

J. Wang, F. Zhao, J. Yang, and X. Li, “Mining site reclamation planning based on land suitability analysis and ecosystem services evaluation: A case study in Liaoning Province, China,” Sustain., vol. 9, no. 6, 2017, doi: 10.3390/su9060890.

A. S. Worlanyo and L. Jiangfeng, “Evaluating the environmental and economic impact of mining for post-mined land restoration and land-use: A review,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 279, no. November 2020, p. 111623, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111623.

C. Wu, Y. Bi, W. Zhu, C. Xue, and P. Christie, “Optimizing water use strategies in arid coal mining areas: the synergistic effects of layered soil profiles and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and water use efficiency,” Environ. Exp. Bot., vol. 221, no. March, p. 105722, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105722.

A. Mishra, Y. I. Alzoubi, and N. Gavrilovic, “Quality attributes of software architecture in IoT-based agricultural systems,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 8, no. August, p. 100523, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2024.100523.

B. Et-taibi et al., “Enhancing water management in smart agriculture: A cloud and IoT-Based smart irrigation system,” Results Eng., vol. 22, no. March, p. 102283, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102283.

M. Benzaouia, B. Hajji, A. Mellit, and A. Rabhi, “Fuzzy-IoT smart irrigation system for precision scheduling and monitoring,” Comput. Electron. Agric., vol. 215, no. March, p. 108407, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2023.108407.

G. Custódio and R. C. Prati, “Comparing modern and traditional modeling methods for predicting soil moisture in IoT-based irrigation systems,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 7, no. October 2023, p. 100397, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2024.100397.

A. R. Pilevar, H. R. Matinfar, A. Sohrabi, and F. Sarmadian, “Integrated fuzzy, AHP and GIS techniques for land suitability assessment in semi-arid regions for wheat and maize farming,” Ecol. Indic., vol. 110, no. September 2019, p. 105887, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105887.